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| Twentieth Century | |
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Twentieth Century:
A Collection of Websites Developed Using the Librarians' Index to the
Internet
Organized by decade through the 1990's, this guide offers a broad
perspective on the twentieth century.
Each decade is broken down into subjects, such as: art and architecture,
music, fashion, and historic events. To further explore different subjects,
there are lists of Web links which take you off site. There are also
recommended books for further research. Try the Internet Quiz to test your history
knowledge. (It is not interactive, but the answers are provided on another
page). The information was brought together by reference librarians at
Kingwood College Library in Texas. A useful resource in spite of many outdated
links.
http://www.nhmccd.edu/contracts/lrc/kc/decades.html
National
Archives Learning Curve: Exhibitions This British site's educational contents "provide in-depth
information, organised into galleries. Each gallery is an investigation into a
theme using primary material, linked to an overall question. Interactive tasks
and teacher's notes are included." Galleries explore Britain's social
and political climate during the Victorian era and the Twentieth
Century. Heroes and Villains puts
" five figures of major historical importance under the microscope."
Browse using the index.
http://learningcurve.pro.gov.uk/exhibitions.htm
This site describes historic events of the twentieth
century by year and by decade. Brief
decade quizzes are included. Extended features, linked on this page under Timelines,
gather Millennial Milestones, World History:
1000 to 2000, American Music: 1640 to 2000, and Fashion:
1858-2000. Highlights are titled Best and Worst, Disasters, Entertainment,
and Sports. The Year in Review describes the past calendar year.
Searchable.
http://www.infoplease.com/millennium1.html
The American Memory Project has released 21 short, animated
films, and 2 fragments from 1900-1921 (available in RealMedia, MPEG, and
QuickTime formats). The bibliographic records are browsable by title, subject,
or date as well as searchable by keyword. "The films include clay,
puppet, and cut-out animation, as well as pen drawings." Be sure to read
the Notes on the Origins of American Animation. The essay explains the history
of each film in the collection, plus a general history of
early animation. While they are entertaining and amusing, remember that
"...these films also reveal the social attitudes of early twentieth-century America." From
the Library of Congress.
http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/oahtml/oahome.html
Historical
Atlas of the Twentieth Century Maps illustrating what was going on in the world at specific
times in the twentieth century
in cities, government, war, religion, international relations, living
conditions, economics, and more. There are also maps showing specific places
and events (Asia, Africa, Cold War, earthquakes, the League of Nations, etc.).
http://users.erols.com/mwhite28/20centry.htm
Picturing
the Century: 100 Years of Photography The photographs in this documentary of twentieth
century American social history "depict both the mundane and high political drama, society's failings as
well as its triumphs, war's ugliness as well as its bravery." Browse the
collection by time period or by portfolio of one of seven photographers. From
the National Archives and Records Administration
http://www.archives.gov/exhibit_hall/picturing_the_century/
A collection of "223 images of photographs and text
documenting the creation of the Grand Coulee Dam, built during the first half
of the twentieth century."
Searchable by keywords and browsable by material type and topic (construction,
land clearing, moving the Washington town of Marcus, official visits and
events, Works Progress Administration (WPA) camps). Also includes an excerpt
from the 1994 book Grand Coulee: Harnessing a Dream. From the
University of Washington Libraries Digital Collections.
http://content.lib.washington.edu/grand/
Hartford
Black History Project: A Struggle from the
Start This in-depth look at African Americans in Hartford, Connecticut
from 1638 through the twentieth century offers
a view of slavery, emancipation, and the formation of a black community in
New England. Among the topics covered are immigration, legal matters, abolitionist
efforts, the "Black Governors" (black individuals
"co-opted" to help whites maintain control over the Black
communities), and Black military and political participation.
http://www.hartford-hwp.com/HBHP/exhibit/
Center
for the History of Physics The history of modern physics
and allied fields including astronomy, geophysics, and optics. The Exhibit
Hall contains the discovery of the electron, Albert Einstein, Werner
Heisenberg, Marie Curie and radioactivity, Sakharov and nuclear weapons, and
others. Thousands of photographs of American physicists and astronomers of the
twentieth century
(and some other scientists) are available in the searchable Emilio Segre
Visual Archives. Related links, Career Services, and sample syllabi
are also found. From the American Institute of Physics.
http://www.aip.org/history/
Emergence
of Advertising in America: 1850 - 1920 Images of over 9,000 advertising items and publications which
show the rise of consumerism in America in the late nineteenth and early twentieth
centuries, and the increasing power of the
advertising profession. There are eleven collections offering background
information. All categories are individually searchable, or you can search the
entire collection by keyword or illustration. Soap, tobacco, and beauty
products are just some of the ads included here. From the John W. Hartman
Center for Sales, Advertising, and Marketing History,
Duke University.
http://scriptorium.lib.duke.edu/eaa/
Modern
Mongolia: Reclaiming Genghis Khan This site explores past and present Mongolia and "Genghis
Khan's lasting legacy to his people." Includes history,
facts about people and symbols (the Soyombo, the Mongolian flag), information
on political and material culture (democratic principles, the Ger, the Deel),
and an overview of the economy and government throughout the twentieth
century (including a comparison of the
U.S. and Mongolian constitutions). Online companion to an exhibit at the
University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology.
http://www.upenn.edu/museum/Mongolia/
Women's
Legal History Biography Project Several dozen biographies of pioneering women lawyers practicing
in the late 1800s through the end of the twentieth
century. Many of these are written by
students of women's legal history at
Stanford University, with supplemental articles, obituaries, photographs, a
timeline, historiography, and Web links. This site is maintained by librarians
at Stanford's Robert Crown Library. Some documents require the Adobe Acrobat
Reader.
http://www.stanford.edu/group/WLHP/
This site chronicles the development of the twentieth
century art deco movement in architecture.
It provides history, architects, example
buildings, societies, and related links.
http://www.retropolis.net/
Greatest
Engineering Achievements of the Twentieth Century Each achievement is presented with a brief introduction,
timeline, and historical essay. The "top 20" are: electrification,
automobile, airplane, water supply and distribution, electronics, radio and
television, agricultural mechanization, computers, telephone, air conditioning
and refrigeration, highways, spacecraft, Internet, imaging, household
appliances, health technologies, petroleum and petrochemical technologies,
laser and fiber optics, nuclear technologies, and high-performance materials.
From the National Academy of Engineering.
http://www.greatachievements.org/
Internet
Resources on Genocide and Mass Killings Focuses on primary materials and resources, as well as book
chapters, glossaries, timelines, bibliographies, and biographies of material
relating to "twentieth-century genocidal
and mass man-made killing occurrences." This site which
includes information on the Holocaust, Cambodia, Yugoslavia, and other large
scale wars and events is maintained by Dr. Stuart D. Stein, a professor at
the University of the West of England.
http://www.ess.uwe.ac.uk/genocide.htm
"Numerous artworks from around the world, addressing the
absence and losses experienced by societies as a result of past tragedies,
including war, genocide, ethnic conflict, and population displacement"
document twentieth century
traumas such as apartheid, Khmer Rouge activities in Cambodia, the Holocaust,
the Vietnam War, and slavery. An online discussion forum requires e-mail
authentication. The Legacy Events Index provides browsing capability.
Searchable.
http://www.legacy-project.org/
Traveling
Culture: Circuit Chautauqua in the Twentieth
Century This site "comprises 7,949 publicity brochures, promotional
advertisements and flyers for 4,545 lecturers, teachers, preachers, statesmen
and politicians, actors, singers and opera stars, glee clubs and concert
companies, magicians, whistlers and other performers who traveled the
[Chautauqua] circuits at the beginning of the 20th century."
Searchable by keywords, and browsable by subject and personal name. Includes
background essay, bibliography, and links. From the American Memory Project
of the Library of Congress.
http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/award98/iauhtml
Utopia:
The Search for the Ideal Society in the Western World Arranged chronologically, Sources, Other Worlds,
and Utopia in History explore
utopian thinking from its earliest beginnings through the end of the
nineteenth century. Dreams and
Nightmares looks at utopias and dystopias of the twentieth
century. In addition, Metaworlds
takes a look at how the Internet is expanding the notion of utopia. The Resources section
has several related links to Web resources on utopias. This exhibition is the
result of a collaborative effort between the Bibliothèque nationale de
France and The New York Public Library. The French version, Utopie:
La quête de la société idéale en occident, is also available.
http://www.nypl.org/utopia/
Women
of the Century: 100 Years of American
Heroes An annotated list of more than four dozen phenomenal American
women of the twentieth century "who left an indelible mark on our nation." Browse
decade by decade or in categories of activists, reformers, politics and government,
arts, media, space and science, sports, and exploration. A DiscoverySchool.com
site.
http://school.discovery.com/schooladventures/womenofthecentury/
An introduction United States history
during the late nineteenth and early twentieth
centuries when the country "pursued
an aggressive policy of expansionism, extending its political and economic
influence around the globe." Included are Expansion in the Pacific,
Spanish American War, Boxer Rebellion, Panama Canal, and U.S.
Intervention in Latin America. Each event contains background information,
some primary documents, images, and maps. The Lesson Plan has ideas for
discussion and activities.
http://www.smplanet.com/imperialism/toc.html
A history of costumes
beginning with ancient Babylon, Egypt, and Crete and continuing through the
late twentieth century.
A timeline with many images is also available. There are many links to Ethnic
Costumes and other fashion sites.
http://www.costumes.org/pages/costhistpage.htm
Science
Service Historical Image Collection 1926-1976 This "historical image collection represents twentieth-century scientific
research consisting of images and their original captions as they appeared
in period publications." This exhibit, which is specific to
electricity, covers a "forty-year sample of innovation and
invention", and includes photos of automobiles; batteries; cameras;
computer art; Thomas Edison; assorted electric products, devices, and parts;
radios and related parts; lasers; telephones; and more. Searchable. From the
Smithsonian Institution National Museum of American History.
http://americanhistory.si.edu/scienceservice/
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